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A Pocket Philosophical Dictionary (Oxford World's Classics), by Voltaire, John Fletcher, Nicholas Cronk
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Here is the only available English translation of one of the landmarks of European Enlightenment thought, Voltaire's 1764 edition of A Pocket Philosophical Dictionary. Highly entertaining and still highly relevant, the "dictionary" actually consists of a sequence of short essays, arranged in alphabetical order, covering everything from Apocalypse and Atheism to Tolerance and Tyranny. The unifying thread of these articles is Voltaire's vitriolic critique of established religion: ridicule of established dogma, attacks on superstition, and pleas for toleration. Witty and ironic, this is very much a work of combat, part of Voltaire's high-profile political struggle in the 1760s to defend the victims of religious and political intolerance. This new translation is based on the definitive French edition of 1764 that provoked widespread controversy and condemnation. In his Introduction Nicholas Cronk considers the nature of Voltaire's engagement in political debate, literary style, contemporary reaction, the lasting impact of the work and its continuing relevance to debates on religious intolerance. The volume also includes an up-to-date bibliography and full explanatory notes.
- Sales Rank: #366414 in Books
- Published on: 2011-09-25
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 5.10" h x .60" w x 7.70" l, .35 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 272 pages
Review
a marvellously Swiftian look at the bleakness of existence. Nicholas Lezard, The Guardian In John Fletcher's wonderfully luminous translation, the Dictionnaire philosophique portatif is like a breath of fresh air... Nicholas Cronk's discreet, helpful introduction and notes direct us to Voltaire's main concern: religion. David Coward, Times Literary Supplement
About the Author
John Fletcher is Honorary Senior Research Fellow at the University of Kent. Nicholas Cronk is Professor of French Literature and Director of the Voltaire Foundation at the University of Oxford.
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
The Great Voltaire Entertains and Stimulates
By Rob Hardy
One of the funniest and easiest to read of the great books is _Candide_ (1759) by Voltaire. Voltaire's sharp wit within a fantastical plot was aimed squarely at the fashionable philosophy of Leibniz who maintained that no matter how bad things might seem, "all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds." It not only took down that philosophy but aimed barbs at government, armies, religion, and more, and because of its supposed blasphemy it was banned, although the world has laughed at it ever since. (It was even deemed obscene and prohibited from import into America as late as 1929.) Voltaire was pushing seventy as he composed his _Pocket Philosophical Dictionary_, but he wasn't letting up as he got older. He realized his time was limited, and he also realized that the time for governments and religions to wring his neck was limited, too. It will be the 250th anniversary of the _Dictionary_ in a couple of years, and Oxford University Press has brought out a new translation by John Fletcher. This work is still dangerous. It instantaneously entered the Vatican's list of banned books, and it was there until the list went defunct in 1966. Voltaire's anger against religious folly and the extremes to which faith takes people, transformed into irony and laughter, burns brightly still, and students of the current works of Dawkins and Hitchens will do well to have this one, too. It is not just outrageous; it is enormous fun.
In the useful introduction to this current volume, Professor Nicholas Cronk reminds us that Voltaire knew exactly what he was doing when he brought out the _Dictionary_ anonymously. He was right to be coy about his authorship, although it was an open secret. In 1776, the chevalier de La Barre was brought to trial for impiety and blasphemy. His possession of the _Dictionary_ was given as evidence of his sacrilege. His tongue was torn out, and he was burned at the stake, along with the outrageous book he owned. The _Dictionary_, released here in a translation of the first edition (to which Voltaire was to add as the years went on, making it not so much a pocket volume), consists of seventy essays, some less than a page. Voltaire loves to cite superstition and inconsistencies within scripture, or give examples of religious intolerance, and his performance is brilliant. Voltaire not only knows his Bible (he is especially withering on the Old Testament), but he draws upon his enormous knowledge of classical authors; this is surely among the funniest of erudite writings. Voltaire would still anger the creationists who hold sway in American religious thinking. In his chapter "Flood," he lists the impossibility of Noah's flood "defying the laws of gravitation and fluid mechanics and betraying ignorance of the fact that there wouldn't be enough water to do it." But then he slyly says that no such facts can cast doubt on the veracity of the Bible's story, but quite the opposite. "That was a miracle, so must be believed; and, being a miracle, it's not subject to the laws of physics." Voltaire will distress the _Left Behind_ believers and other millennialists. He points out that the ancient Egyptians believed in a thousand-year-reign, and Virgil wrote about it, too. He says that the source of the Christian version, the Book of Revelation, has been considered mad or inauthoritative from time to time, but "The matter has now been cleared up: the Church has decided that Revelation is incontestably the work of St. John, so there is no appeal." He would not at all find it surprising that many people nowadays feel that the End Times are upon us: "Every community in Christendom has applied the book's prophecies to itself: the English have found in it the revolutions that have plagued their country, the Lutherans the upheavals in Germany, the French Protestants the reign of Charles IX and the regency of Catherine de' Medici. They are all equally right."
Though the critique of religious beliefs is spirited and even biting, Voltaire was not all criticism and had sensible opinions about morality. He strongly believed that international trade was the best way for all faiths and nations to cooperate. He knew virtue as doing good to one's neighbor, and that it had nothing to do with sanctity. "What concern is it of mine whether you're temperate? You're just following medical advice; you'll feel the better for it, and I congratulate you. You have faith and hope, and I'm even happier for you: they will grant you eternal life. Your theological virtues are heavenly gifts; your cardinal virtues are excellent qualities that will guide you through life: but they're not virtues as far as your neighbors are concerned. Wise individuals do themselves good; virtuous people do good to all of human kind." And if doing good to human kind includes making them laugh, and making them think, and trying to make them a little more tolerant, then Voltaire in this cheerful, sparkling, biting volume shows himself virtue personified. His brilliant ideas on show here about many subjects, from circumcision to cannibalism to Moses and more, still have punch, and the world is sadly still in need of this sort of punching.
9 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Be careful what you're getting
By Andy Lowry
The Oxford World's Classics edition is the first edition of 1764. If that's what you want, splendid.
However, take note that the Penguin Classics edition, translated by T. Besterman (Voltaire's biographer and editor of his correspondence) is more inclusive: "a translation of everything that Voltaire himself printed in successive editions under the title of Dictionnaire philosophique or Dictionnaire philosophique portatif."
Thus for instance, the Oxford edition doesn't include the articles on Abbe; Job; Julian the Apostate; Priests; Prophets .... The Oxford is perhaps 150 pages shorter.
Nowhere do the translator or editor explain why their edition is preferable to Besterman's, which they do not even acknowledge that I can see.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Voltaire sings...
By RAD
oh Voltaire, try as I may I cannot write as lyrical as he did. through I keep attempting...Lucid ! Funny ! is Voltaire. too bad he was French - just kidding. he would of made a fine American - I'm just saying.
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